How do I set up logging for Requests to debug issues?

To set up logging for the Requests library in Python to debug issues, you can configure Python's built-in logging module to capture and output the details of HTTP transactions made by Requests. The Requests library uses the urllib3 library, which in turn uses the logging module to log information.

Here's a step-by-step guide to enable logging for Requests:

Step 1: Import the logging module

import logging

Step 2: Configure the logging level

To capture debug information, you should set the logging level to DEBUG. This will capture all the HTTP details sent and received by the Requests library.

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

Step 3: Enable HTTP connection logging

To see the details of the HTTP connections, enable logging for urllib3. This is the underlying library that Requests uses for making HTTP requests.

# This will log all information from the `urllib3` library
logging.getLogger("urllib3").setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

Step 4: Make your Request

Now, when you make an HTTP request using the Requests library, detailed logging information will be printed to the console.

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')

When you run this script, you should see detailed debug information in the console output, including the request that was sent and the response received from the server.

Optional: Customize Logging Output

If you want to customize the format and destination of the log output, you can configure the logging.basicConfig function with additional parameters:

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
)

You can also send the logs to a file instead of printing them to the console:

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
    filename='debug.log',
    filemode='w'
)

Summary

By setting up logging as shown above, you can debug issues with HTTP requests made by the Requests library. This can be particularly useful for troubleshooting network problems, understanding the flow of HTTP requests and responses, and for verifying headers and data being sent to a server.

Remember that logging at the DEBUG level can produce a lot of output, so you may want to enable it only when necessary. Also, be aware that sensitive information such as API keys, tokens, and personal data might be logged, so handle the logs with care, especially in production environments.